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Subject matter of the mind: literature, intellectual history, philosophy, religion |
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The same education for all |
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IdealismPreferred teaching method |
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Teaching for the handling of ideas: lecture, discussion |
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IdealismCharacter development |
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Imitation of exemplars, heroes |
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IdealismAesthetic development |
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Study of the master-works; values of the past heritage |
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Subject matter of the physical world: mathematics, science |
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Subject matter of social experience |
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ExistentialismLearning focus |
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Subject matter of personal choice |
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Mastery of laws of the universe |
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PragmatismCurriculum goal |
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Creation of a new social order |
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ExistentialismCurriculum goal |
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Personal freedom and development |
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RealismPreferred teaching method |
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Teaching for mastery of information and skills: demonstration, recitation |
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PragmatismPreferred teaching method |
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Problem solving: project method, product development |
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ExistentialismPreferred teaching method |
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Individual exploration: discovery method, authentic pedagogy |
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RealismCharacter development |
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Training in rules of conduct |
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PragmatismCharacter development |
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Group decision making in light of consequences |
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ExistentialismCharacter development |
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Development of individual responsibility for decisions and preferences |
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RealismAesthetic development |
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Study of design in nature |
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PragmatismAesthetic development |
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Participation in art projects based on cross-cultural and universal values |
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ExistentialismAesthetic development |
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Development of a personal view of the world; self-initiated activities |
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An educational philosophy that holds that there is a common core of information and skills that an educated person must have; schools should be organized to transmit this core of essential material. |
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(1) a core of information, (2) hard work and mental discipline, and (3) teacher-centered instruction. |
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Transmit cultural heritage and develop good citizens. The role of the student is that of a learner. School is a place where children come to learn what they need to know, and the teacher is the person who can best instruct students in essential matters.
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Student CenteredClassroom Organization |
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Open; flexible classroom furniture arrangement and teaching; |
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Student CenteredMotivation |
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Student CenteredDiscipline |
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Equal teacher and learner control |
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Student CenteredClassroom Climate |
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Teacher encourages student voices; community of inquirers |
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Student CenteredLearning Focus |
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Divergent points of view; diverse subject matter |
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Student CenteredTeaching Styles |
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Considerably less teacher talk, more learner talk; discovery based learning |
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Student CenteredLeadership Styles |
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Teacher is model of participatory authority and evaluation. |
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concerned with enhancing the innate goodness of the individual. It rejects a group-oriented educational system and seeks ways to enhance the individual development of the student. |
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completely autonomous person |
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emphasizes developing personal meaning through hands-on, activity-based teaching and learning |
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An educational philosophy that emphasizes that ideas should be tested by experimentation and that learning is rooted in questions developed by the learner. |
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A social theory and educational philosophy that limits truth and knowledge to what is observable and measurable. |
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