Information Processing

Sensory Memory	The information story that briefly holds stimuli from the environment until they can be processed
Attention	The process of allocating cognitive resources to a stimulus or task at hand
Perception	The cognitive process that gives meaning to sensory input
Working Memory	The memory system of the information processing model where information that has been attended to and perceived is held temporarily and processed
Maintenance rehearsal	Refreshing the information held in working memory by repeating it
Encoding	The cognitive process by which new information is elaborated or organized and saved into long-term memory
Meaningful learning	Making connections between new information and prior knowledge
Elaboration	Expanding on a new idea
Organization	Providing an orderly structure to new information
Retrieval	Pulling information from long-term memory into working memory
Long-term memory	A storage system that can hold large amounts of information for an unlimited amount of time
Metacognition	An individual’s cognition about his/her own knowledge
Dual Processing	Combining visual and auditory information
Wait time	The time given to answer a question
Mnemonics	Strategies to improve memory by encoding simple information in meaningful ways
Chunking	Grouping individual groups of data into meaningful larger units
Forms of Long Term Memory	Implicit knowledgeEpisodic knowledgeDeclaritive knowledgeProcedural knowledgeConceptual knowledgeConditional knowledge
Decay	A hypothesized weakening over time of information stored in long-term memory, especially if the information is used infrequently or not at all.
Retrieval Failure	Failure to pull up a mental record of information that has been previously learned.
Interference	A phenomenon whereby something stored in long-term memory inhibits one’s ability to remember something else correctly.
Reconstruction Error	Constructing a logical but incorrect “memory” by using information retrieved from long-term memory plus one’s general knowledge and beliefs about the world.
Information Processing Model	[image]