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Initiative
People suggest ideas for laws, get petitions signed, send to state legislatures.
Recall
Allows voters to remove corrupt elected officials from office.
Primary
Voters choose their party’s candidate from among several people
Referendum
Gives voters power to pass laws!Voters vote on the bill in the next election.
Progressive
Someone who works to make the government more democratic, restore economic opportunities, and to correct social injustices.
16th Amendment
Congress can collect income tax.
17th Amendment
Election of Senators by the PEOPLE!
18th Amendment
Banned the consumption, sale, and production of alcohol in the USA.
Knights of Labor
Organization of workers from DIFFERENT trades, formed after the Civil War.
Labor Union
Group of workers who ban together to seek better working conditions.
American Federation of Labor (A.F.

L)
Union formed by Samuel Gompers. Focused on improving working conditions.
Pullman Strike
Nationwide railway strike 1894.
Sweatshop
Factory with poor working conditions. Long hours, low pay, dangerous!
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Fire at the Triangle Waist company in New York City. Killed many. Brought attention to factory conditions.
Child Labor
Children worked in factories and coal mines in poor conditions instead of attending school.
Conservationists
Someone who works hard to preserve the wildlife and natural resources. Example: Theodore Roosevelt
Muckraker
Writer/Journalist who exposes corruption / problems in American society.
Populist Party / The Grange
“People’s Party” formed by farmers to fix farming problems.
Reform Movements
Attempts by people to fix problems in society.
Reformer
Mostly native-born, middle class people who worked to fix problems.
Temperance
Movement to stop (outlaw) alcohol.
Prohibition
Banning the manufacture, sale, and possession of alocholic beverages.
Suffrage
The right to vote.
Susan B. Anthony
Reformer who worked for women’s suffrage. Lived and worked in Rochester, NY.
Lucretia Mott
Reformer who worked for women’s suffrage
Seneca Falls Convention
The first women’s rights convention in the U.S.A. Held in Seneca Falls NY 1848.
Trust
Legal body created to hold stock in many companies, often in the same industry.
“Trust-Busting”
Breaking-up trusts and monopolies. Theodore Roosevelt was nicknamed the “trustbuster”.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Law that makes trusts and monopolies illegal.
Booker T. Washington
African-American leader who worked for equal rights for blacks.

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Started the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to help blacks learn trades.
W.E.

B. DuBois
Black leader, founded the NAACP. Encouraged blacks to reject segregation.
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People – 1909, worked to protect constitutional rights of African-Americans, still around today. Founded by W.E.B. DuBois.
Theodore Roosevelt
President of the U.S.A., conservationist, “trustbuster”, got the Panama Canal built.
Carry Nation
Member of the Temperence Movement. Believed in “hatchetation” (broke-up saloons and bars with a hatchet while reciting from the Bible)Member of the Women’s Christian Temperence Movement W.C.T.U.
Federal Reserve Act
Created the nation’s banking system.
Boss Tweed
Corrupt NYC politician. Jailed.
Upton Sinclair
Exposed filthy conditions of meat factories. A muckraker. Wrote the Jungle
The Jungle
Book by Upton Sinclair, exposed the unsanitary conditions of meat factories and how poorly the workers were treated.
Spoils System
Awarding friends, family, and political supporters with government jobs.
Civil Service Act (Pendelton Act)
Civil Service tests must be taken for government jobs. Applicants ranked by score.

Ends the spoils system.
Commerce
Trade
ICC
Interstate Commerce Commission, by Pres. Cleveland to regulate railroads.
The Pure Food and Drug Act
Law makes companies list all ingredients in food or medicines on the package / label.
Jacob Riis
Muckraker whose photos exposed slums, poverty in cities.
Jane Addams
Created Hull House, settlement house for immigrants in Chicago.

Offered education, food, money to poor immigrants.
Strike
Workers band together and refuse to work until their demands are met.
Scab
Temporary workers who take over for workers who are on-strike.
Lewis Hine
His photos exposed child labor.
John Spargo
His book Bitter Cry of the Children exposed child labor.
“Mother Mary Jones”
Union leader who worked to end child labor and pushed for mandatory public education for children.
“Mother Mary Jones”
Union leader who worked to end child labor and pushed for mandatory public education for children.
Thomas Nast
Political cartoonist who exposed corruption.
Ida Tarbell
Exposed how bad monopolies are in her book The History of the Standard Oil Company.
President James Garfield
Assassinated by an unhappy office seeker.

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